2016届高三英语二轮复习专项训练非选择题专练卷(二)牛津版

非选择题专练卷二 (共 2 页，满分 35 分) Ⅰ.任务型阅读(共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单 词。 注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。 (2015·江苏名校联考) The Bystander Effect The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress. When an emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. Being part of a large crowd makes it so no single person has to take responsibility for an action (or inaction)． The most frequently cited example of the bystander effect in introductory psychology textbooks is the brutal murder of a young woman named Catherine Kitty Genovese. On Friday, March 13, 1964, 28?year?old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley. Despite Genovese’s repeated calls for help, none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police to report the incident. The attack first began at 3：20 AM, but it was not until 3：50 AM that someone first contacted police. While Genovese ’ s case has been subject to numerous misrepresentations and inaccuracies, there have been numerous other cases reported in recent years. The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society, but why exactly does it happen? Why don’t we help when we are part of a crowd? There are several factors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present. The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate. Other researchers have found that 1 onlookers are less likely to intervene if the situation is ambiguous. In the case of Kitty Genovese, many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a “lover’s quarrel”， and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered. Characteristics of the situation can play a role. During a crisis, things are often chaotic and the situation is not always crystal clear. Onlookers might w